PSYCHO-SOCIAL THEORY

Chapter 10: Erik Erikson ka Siddhant

Mano-Samajik Vikas: Janm se Mritiyu tak ki 8 Stages

Erikson ke mutabiq, har insaan 8 stages se guzarta hai aur har stage par ek "Challenge" hota hai jo uski personality ko naya roop deta hai.

NTT & PTT ke liye 4 Mukhya Stages

STAGE 1: 0 se 1.5 SAAL

Challenge: Kya bacha apne aas-pass ke logo par bharosa kar sakta hai?

Natija: Pyar aur khana waqt par milne se **Vishwas** aata hai, nahi toh duniya darr aur shaq ki jagah ban jati hai.

STAGE 2: 1.5 se 3 SAAL

Challenge: Kya bacha apna kaam khud kar sakta hai?

Natija: Khud chalne ya khane ka mauka milne par **Atmanirbharta** aati hai. Jyada tok-tok karne par bacha apne aap par sharam karne lagta hai.

STAGE 3: 3 se 6 SAAL (Nursery Level)

Challenge: Kya bacha naye kaam shuru kar sakta hai?

Natija: Sawal puchne aur khelne par encouragement milne se **Initiative** badhta hai. Sawalon ko dabane par bache mein **Guilt** paida hota hai.

STAGE 4: 6 se 12 SAAL

Challenge: Kya bacha school ke kaamon mein nipun (skilled) ban sakta hai?

Natija: Kamyabi milne par **Parishram** ka gunn aata hai, lagatar fail hone par **Heen-bhavna** (Inferiority) ghar kar jati hai.

Emotional Support: 3-6 saal ke bache ko galti par dante nahi, balki dobara koshish karne ke liye motivate karein.
Independence: Bachon ko duster pakadna ya books rakhne jaise chote kaam dein taaki unka **Self-confidence** badhe.
Safety: Pehle stage (Trust) ke liye, teacher ko bache ke liye ek bharosemand dost banna chahiye.

Q1. Erikson ke mutabiq 3 se 6 saal ke bache ka main challenge kya hai?

(A) Trust vs Mistrust | (B) Initiative vs Guilt | (C) Industry vs Inferiority

Sahi Jawab: (B) Initiative vs Guilt

Q2. "Trust vs Mistrust" ki avastha kis umar mein hoti hai?

(A) 0-1.5 saal | (B) 10-15 saal | (C) 20 saal baad

Sahi Jawab: (A) 0-1.5 saal

Provided by All India Institute of Nursery Teacher Training (AIINTT) - New Delhi