Chapter 18: Sakaaraatmak Punarvalan
Positive Reinforcement: Protsahan se Bachon ka Vyavhar Badalna
Skinner ke mutabiq, jab kisi achhe kaam ke baad inaam milta hai, toh bacha us kaam ko baar-baar karta hai. Nursery mein danda nahi, sirf pyar aur "Reward" kaam karta hai.
1. Positive Reinforcement ke 4 Tarike
Social (Samajik)
Sabke samne tareef karna ya smile dena.
Token (Prateek)
Copy mein Star, Smileys ya Badge dena.
Activity (Gatividhi)
Pasand ka kaam ya extra jhule ka waqt dena.
Tangible (Vastavik)
Pencil, Eraser ya choti chocolate dena.
2. Iska Sahi Istemal (Golden Rules)
- Immediate (Turant): Tareef usi waqt karein jab bacha achha kaam kare.
- Specific Praise: Sirf "Good" na kahein, batayein kyun (Jaise: "Aapne bina giraye khana khaya, Very Good!").
- Consistency: Har achhe vyavhar par bache ko lage ki teacher use notice kar rahi hai.
3. Inaam (Reward) vs Rishwat (Bribe)
| Point | Inaam (Reward) ✅ | Rishwat (Bribe) ❌ |
|---|---|---|
| Kab diya jata hai? | Kaam poora hone ke baad. | Kaam shuru karne se pehle. |
| Uddeshya | Achhi aadat sikhana. | Sirf us waqt kaam nikalwana. |
| Example | "Drawing achhi hai, ye lo star!" | "Agar chup rahoge toh chocolate milegi." |
Nursery Classroom ke liye Tips
Reward Chart: Class mein ek chart lagayein jahan bache ke achhe kaamon ke liye stars hon. Positive Language: "Shor mat machao" ke bajaye kahein "Chalo dekhte hain kaun sabse shanti se baithta hai".
Exam Special: Practice Questions
Q1. B.F. Skinner ne kis siddhant par zor diya hai?
(A) Reinforcement | (B) Punishment | (C) Heredity
Sahi Jawab: (A) Reinforcement
Q2. Copy mein 'Star' dena kis tarah ka reinforcement hai?
(A) Activity | (B) Token | (C) Social
Sahi Jawab: (B) Token
Provided by All India Institute of Nursery Teacher Training (AIINTT) - New Delhi