VALUES & ETHICS

Chapter 16: Naitik Vikas

Moral Development: Sahi aur Galat ki Pehchan Seekhna

Naitik vikas ka matlab hai bache mein imandari, samman aur sahi-galat ke beech antar karne ki samajh paida hona.

1. Lawrence Kohlberg ka Siddhant

Level 1: Pre-Conventional 4 - 10 Saal

Purv-Paramparagat: Is umar mein bacha naitikta ko sirf **Saza (Punishment)** aur **Inaam (Reward)** ke dar se maanta hai.

Example: "Main jhoot nahi bolunga warna ma'am mujhe dante-ngi."

Level 2: Conventional 10 - 13 Saal

Paramparagat: Bacha ab samaj ke niyamon ko samajhta hai aur **"Good Boy/Good Girl"** banna chahta hai taaki log uski tareef karein.

Level 3: Post-Conventional 13 Saal +

Uttar-Paramparagat: Yahan bacha apne khud ke naitik siddhant banata hai (jaise insaaniyat aur insaaf).

2. Piaget ka Naitik Nazariya

Piaget ke mutabiq shuruat mein bache naitikta ko **"Fixed Rules"** maante hain (Moral Realism). Lekin 10 saal ke baad woh samajhte hain ki niyam logon ki bhalai ke liye hain aur unhe badla ja sakta hai (Moral Relativism).

Nursery Teacher ke liye Professional Tips

Storytelling: Panchatantra ki kahaniyon ke zariye imandari aur madad karne ke gunn sikhayein.

Role Modeling: Bache teacher ko dekhte hain. Agar aap izzat se baat karengi, toh bache bhi wahi seekhenge.

Explain the 'Why': Sirf "Chori mat karo" mat kahein, balki samjhayein ki isse dusre ko dukh hota hai.

Empathy: Bachon se puchein, "Agar tumhara khilona koi leta toh tumhe kaisa lagta?"

Exam Special: Practice Questions

Q1. Kohlberg ke mutabiq chote bache niyam kyun maante hain?

(A) Samaj ki bhalai ke liye | (B) Saza se bachne ke liye | (C) Bhagwan ke dar se

Sahi Jawab: (B) Saza se bachne ke liye

Q2. Naitik vikas ka matlab kya hai?

(A) Tez daudna | (B) Sahi aur galat ki pehchan | (C) Gana gana

Sahi Jawab: (B) Sahi aur galat ki pehchan

Provided by All India Institute of Nursery Teacher Training (AIINTT) - New Delhi