Chapter 11: Lev Vygotsky ka Siddhant
Samajik-Saanskritik Vikas: Samaj aur Baatchit se Seekhna
Vygotsky ke mutabiq, bacha akela nahi balki apne samaj aur bado ke saath mil-jular (Social Interaction) seekhta hai.
1. ZPD - Zone of Proximal Development
Yeh Vygotsky ki theory ka sabse mahatvapurn hissa hai. Iska matlab hai woh beech ka rasta jo bacha khud kar sakta hai aur jo woh kisi ki madad se kar sakta hai.
2. Scaffolding (Paadh ya Dhancha)
Jab koi bada (Teacher/Parent) bache ko tab tak Temporary Help deta hai jab tak bacha khud woh kaam na seekh jaye.
Nursery Level Par: Bache ka hath pakad kar 'A' likhwana Scaffolding hai. Seekhne ke baad hath hata lena hi iska sahi tarika hai.
3. MKO - More Knowledgeable Other
Iska matlab hai koi bhi aisa vyakti (Teacher, Dost, ya chota bhai-behen bhi) jise us kaam ki jankari bache se zyada ho. Vygotsky ke mutabiq, bacha hamesha ek MKO se hi seekhta hai.
4. Bhasha aur Soch (Language & Thought)
Vygotsky kehte the ki bhasha dimaag ko vikasit karne ka ek Auzar (Tool) hai.
- Private Speech (Niji Vaak): Bache khelte waqt apne aap se baatein karte hain (jaise: "Mera truck kahan gaya?"). Yeh unhe apni soch ko guide karne mein madad karta hai.
Nursery Teacher ke liye Practical Upyog
- Collaborative Learning: Bachon ko group mein kaam karne dein taaki woh ek-dusre se seekh sakein.
- Role of Teacher: Teacher ko ek "Facilitator" banna chahiye, jo sirf wahan madad de jahan bacha atak raha ho (ZPD par focus).
- Encourage Talking: Bachon ko sawal puchne aur aapas mein baatchit ke liye prerit karein.
Exam Special: Practice Questions
Q1. "ZPD" ka full form kya hai?
(A) Zone of Proximal Development | (B) Zero Physical Development | (C) Zone of Personal Duty
Sahi Jawab: (A) Zone of Proximal Development
Q2. Temporary madad dene ki prakriya ko kya kehte hain?
(A) Schema | (B) Scaffolding | (C) Egocentrism
Sahi Jawab: (B) Scaffolding
Provided by All India Institute of Nursery Teacher Training (AIINTT) - New Delhi