Chapter 9: Jean Piaget ki Theory
Cognitive Development: Bacha kaise dimaagi vikas karta hai?
Piaget ka manna tha ki bacha ek "Little Scientist" hai jo apne anubhavon se duniya ki samajh khud banata hai.
1. Piaget ke Char Charan (4 Stages)
Stage 1: Sensory-Motor Stage 0 - 2 Saal
Indriya-Janit Gamyak Avastha: Bache apni 5 senses (dekhna, sunna, chuna) se seekhte hain. Is stage ke ant tak Object Permanence ka gunn aa jata hai.
Stage 2: Pre-Operational Stage 2 - 7 Saal
Purv-Sakriyatmak Avastha (NTT Level):
- Symbolic Thought: Pencil ko talwar samajhna.
- Egocentrism: Dusron ka nazariya na samajh pana.
- Animism: Gudia ko bhi zinda samajhna.
Stage 3: Concrete Operational 7 - 11 Saal
Murt Sakriyatmak Avastha: Bache un chizon par logic lagate hain jinhe woh dekh sakte hain. Conservation ki samajh aa jati hai (Glass aur Pani ka example).
Stage 4: Formal Operational 11 Saal +
Aupcharik Sakriyatmak Avastha: Abstract Thinking (Imandari, Insaaf) aur Vaigyanik tarike (Hypothesis) se samasya suljhana.
2. Piaget ki Theory ke 3 Pillar
Schema
Dimaag mein bani hui jankari ki "Pocket" ya "Packet".
Assimilation
Nayi jankari ko purani jankari mein bina badlav ke jodna.
Accommodation
Nayi jankari ke hisaab se apne purane vicharon ko "Modify" karna.
Nursery Teacher ke liye Mahatva
Age-Appropriate Teaching: Ek teacher ko 4 saal ke bache se logic ki umeed nahi karni chahiye. Piaget ke mutabiq bacha "Little Scientist" hai, isliye use kitabon ke bajaye chizon ko chhu kar aur experiment karke sikhana (Activity Based Learning) chahiye.
Exam Special: Practice Questions
Q1. Piaget ne bache ko kya kaha hai?
(A) Little Scientist | (B) Khali bartan | (C) Masoom janwar
Sahi Jawab: (A) Little Scientist
Q2. "Egocentrism" kis stage ki khasiyat hai?
(A) Sensory-Motor | (B) Pre-Operational | (C) Formal Operational
Sahi Jawab: (B) Pre-Operational Stage
Provided by All India Institute of Nursery Teacher Training (AIINTT) - New Delhi