Chapter 3: Vikas ke Siddhant
Principles of Child Development: Bachon ko Samajhne ka Framework
Child Psychology ke mutabiq, bachon ka vikas koi achanak ghatna nahi, balki kuch fix rules par chalta hai.
1. Nirantarta ka Siddhant (Principle of Continuity)
Vikas kabhi na rukne wali prakriya hai. Yeh Maa ke garbh (**Womb**) se shuru hota hai aur mritiyu (**Tomb**) tak chalta rehta hai.
2. Disha ka Siddhant (Principle of Direction)
Vikas hamesha ek fix disha mein hota hai. Iske do main hisse hain:
Cephalocaudal
Sir se Pair tak: Pehle sir ka vikas hota hai, phir niche ke angon (baazu/pair) ka.
Proximodistal
Kendra se Bahar: Pehle reedh ki haddi mazboot hoti hai, phir ungliyon par pakad aati hai.
3. Samanya se Vishisht (General to Specific)
Bache pehle poore sharir ka istemal karte hain (Samanya), phir kisi ek ang ka (Vishisht). Udaharan: Chota bacha chiz pakadne ke liye dono hath marta hai, par bada hone par sirf ungliyon ka use karta hai.
4. Ekikaran ka Siddhant (Principle of Integration)
Bacha pehle alag-alag angon ko chalana seekhta hai aur phir unka **Coordination** seekhta hai. Udaharan: Cycle chalate waqt hath, pair aur aankhon ka ek saath istemal.
5. Vyaktigat Bhinnata (Individual Differences)
Har bache ke vikas ki raftar (speed) alag hoti hai. Koi bacha 10 mahine mein chalta hai, toh koi 14 mahine mein. Yeh bilkul normal hai.
Nursery Teacher ke liye Mahatva
- Prediction: Teacher anuman laga sakti hai ki agle stage mein bacha kya seekhega.
- No Comparison: Har bacha alag hai, isliye comparison karke bache ko nicha nahi dikhaya jata.
- Lesson Planning: Bachon ki umar ke hisaab se hi activities plan ki jati hain.
Practice Questions (Bihar NTT Special)
Q1. Vikas ki disha kaisi hoti hai?
(A) Pair se sir | (B) Sir se pair | (C) Sirf dimaag tak
Ans: (B) Sir se pair (Cephalocaudal)
Q2. "General to Specific" ka kya matlab hai?
(A) Pehle mushkil kaam phir aasaan | (B) Pehle poora sharir chalana phir ungliyan
Ans: (B) Pehle poora sharir phir ungliyan
Authentic NTT Study Material Provided by All India Institute of Nursery Teacher Training (AIINTT).